Adakah rawatan moden mempunyai ubat untuk penyakit vitiligo?

The goal of treatment is to restore the function of the skin and to restore color to the white patches. Treatment for vitiligo can take a long time -- it usually must be continued for 6 to 18 months.

The choice of treatment depends on:

• The number of white patches
• How widespread the patches are
• The treatment the patient prefers to use.

Current vitiligo remedies include medical, surgical, and adjunctive therapies (therapies that can be used along with surgical or medical treatments).

Medical Vitiligo Treatment
Medical treatments include:

• Medicines (such as steroid creams) that you put on the skin
• Medicines that you take by mouth
• Combining a medicine plus ultraviolet A (UVA) light (PUVA)
• Removing the color from other areas so that they match the white patches.

• Surgical Vitiligo Treatment

Surgical treatments include:

Skin grafts from a person's own tissues. The doctor takes skin from one area of a patient's body and attaches it to another area; this is sometimes used for people with small patches of vitiligo.
Tattooing small areas of skin.

Other Treatments for Vitiligo
Other treatments include:

• Sunscreens
• Cosmetics, such as makeup or dye, to cover the white patches
• Counseling and support.

CARA MENGATASI TEKANAN AKIBAT VITILIGO

How can people cope with the emotional and psychological aspects of vitiligo?

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Although vitiligo is usually not harmful medically and causes no physical pain, its emotional and psychological effects can be devastating. In fact, in India, those with the disease, especially women, are sometimes discriminated against in marriage. Developing vitiligo after marriage can be grounds for divorce.

Regardless of a person's race and culture, white patches of vitiligo can affect emotional and psychological well-being and self-esteem. People with vitiligo can experience emotional stress, particularly if the condition develops on visible areas of the body (such as the face, hands, arms, and feet) or on the genitals. Adolescents, who are often particularly concerned about their appearance, can be devastated by widespread vitiligo. Some people who have vitiligo feel embarrassed, ashamed, depressed, or worried about how others will react.

Fortunately, there are several strategies to help people cope with vitiligo. Also, varioustreatments -- discussed in the nextsection -- can minimize, camouflage, or, in some cases, even eliminate white patches. First, it is important to find a doctor who is knowledgeable about the disorder and takes it seriously. The doctor should also be a good listener and be able to provide emotional support. You must let your doctor know if you are feeling depressed, because doctors and other mental health professionals can help people deal with depression. You should also learn as much as possible about the disorder and treatment choices so that you can participate in making important decisions about your medical care.

Talking with other people who have vitiligo may also help. The National Vitiligo Foundation can provide information about vitiligo and refer you to local chapters that have support groups of patients, families, and doctors. Contact information for the foundation is listed at the end of this booklet. Family and friends are another source of support.

Some people with vitiligo have found that cosmetics that cover the white patches improve their appearance and help them feel better about themselves. You may need to experiment with several brands of concealing cosmetics before finding the product that works best.

BAGAIMANA MENGENALPASTI VITILIGO

How is vitiligo diagnosed?

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The diagnosis of vitiligo is made based on a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests.

A doctor will likely suspect vitiligo if you report (or the physical examination reveals) white patches of skin on the body-particularly on sun-exposed areas, including the hands, feet, arms, face, and lips. If vitiligo is suspected, the doctor will ask about your medical history. Important factors in the diagnosis include a family history of vitiligo; a rash, sunburn, or other skin trauma that occurred at the site of vitiligo 2 to 3 months before depigmentation started; stress or physical illness; and premature graying of the hair (before age 35). In addition, the doctor will ask whether you or anyone in your family has had any autoimmune diseases and whether you are very sensitive to the sun.

To help confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may take a small sample (biopsy) of the affected skin to examine under a microscope. In vitiligo, the skin sample will usually show a complete absence of pigment-producing melanocytes. On the other hand, the presence of inflamed cells in the sample may suggest that another condition is responsible for the loss of pigmentation.

Because vitiligo may be associated with pernicious anemia (a condition in which an insufficient amount of vitamin B12 is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland), the doctor may also take a blood sample to check the blood-cell count and thyroid function. For some patients, the doctor may recommend an eye examination to check for uveitis (inflammation of part of the eye), which sometimes occurs with vitiligo. A blood test to look for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (a type of autoantibody) may also be done. This test helps determine if the patient has another autoimmune disease.

ADAKAH TOMPOK PUTIH AKAN MEREBAK?

Will the depigmented patches spread?

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Focal pattern vitiligo and segmental vitiligo remain localized to one part of the body and do not spread. There is no way to predict if generalized vitiligo will spread. For some people, the depigmented patches do not spread. The disorder is usually progressive, however, and over time the white patches will spread to other areas of the body. For some people, vitiligo spreads slowly, over many years. For other people, spreading occurs rapidly. Some people have reported additional depigmentation following periods of physical or emotional stress.

TANDA-TANDA VITILIGO

What are the symptoms vitiligo?

People who develop vitiligo usually first notice white patches (depigmentation) on their skin. These patches are more commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the body, including the hands, feet, arms, face, and lips. Other common areas for white patches to appear are the armpits and groin, and around the mouth, eyes, nostrils, navel, genitals, and rectum.

Vitiligo generally appears in one of three patterns:

• focal pattern -- depigmentation limited to one or only a few areas
• segmental pattern -- depigmented patches that develop on one side of the body
• generalized pattern -- the most common pattern. Depigmentation occurs symmetrically on both sides of the body.

In addition to white patches on the skin, people with vitiligo may have premature graying of the scalp hair, eyelashes, eyebrows, and beard. People with dark skin may notice a loss of color inside their mouths.

SIAPA YANG BOLEH MENDAPAT VITILIGO

Who is affected by vitiligo?

About 0.5 to 1 percent of the world's population, or as many as 65 million people, have vitiligo. In the United States, 1 to 2 million people have the disorder. Half the people who have vitiligo develop it before age 20; most develop it before their 40th birthday. The disorder affects both sexes and all races equally; however, it is more noticeable in people with dark skin.

Vitiligo seems to be somewhat more common in people with certain autoimmune diseases, including hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid gland), adrenocortical insufficiency (the adrenal gland does not produce enough of the hormone called corticosteroid), alopecia areata (patches of baldness), and pernicious anemia (a low level of red blood cells caused by the failure of the body to absorb vitamin B12). Scientists do not know the reason for the association between vitiligo and these autoimmune diseases. However, most people with vitiligo have no other autoimmune disease.

Vitiligo may also be hereditary; that is, it can run in families. Children whose parents have the disorder are more likely to develop vitiligo. In fact, 30 percent of people with vitiligo have a family member with the disease. However, only 5 to 7 percent of children will get vitiligo even if a parent has it, and most people with vitiligo do not have a family history of the disorder.

FAKTA TENTANG VITILIGO

• FACTS ABOUT VITILIGO
• Vitiligo is a disease in which the pigment cells of the skin, melanocytes, are destroyed in certain areas.
• Vitiligo results in depigmented, or white, patches of skin in any location on the body.
• Vitiligo can be focal and localized to one area, or it may affect several different areas on the body.
• The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown, although most experts believe that it is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys certain cells within the body.
• Most people who have vitiligo will develop the condition prior to age 40; about half develop it before age 20.
• Vitiligo tends to run in families.
• Vitiligo is sometimes associated with other medical conditions, including pernicious anemia.
• Vitiligo is not painful and does not have significant health consequences; however, it can have emotional and psychological consequences.
• Some medical treatments can reduce the severity of the condition, but it cannot be cured.